WHAT IS MINIMUM VOLATILITY?

  • iShares ETFs cover a broad range of asset classes, risk profiles and investment outcomes. To understand the appropriateness of this fund for your investment objective, please visit our product webpage.

    Find out more about iShares MSCI World ex Australia Minimum Volatility ETF:

    iShares ETFs cover a broad range of asset classes, risk profiles and investment outcomes. To understand the appropriateness of this fund for your investment objective, please visit our product webpage.

    Find out more about iShares MSCI World ex Australia Minimum Volatility ETF:

    https://www.blackrock.com/au/products/284667/

    This product is likely to be appropriate for a consumer: 

    • who is seeking capital growth
    • using the product for a major allocation of their portfolio or less
    • with a minimum investment timeframe of 5 years, and
    • with a medium to high risk/return profile

WHAT IS MINIMUM VOLATILITY INVESTING?

Minimum volatility (Min vol) investing seeks to build a portfolio of stocks that exhibits less variability than the broad market. It aims to provide investors with a smoother ride within equity allocations by creating a portfolio that exhibits less swings — up or down — than the market.

Imagine that you’re a hiker who has two potential paths to climb a mountain. One trail is very challenging. It’s steep, rocky, and has several parts where the path has sharp descents. While the trail is exhilarating, there is also the increased risk of injury or falling. Alternatively, there is a second trail that is more gradual and stable. While this trail may be less exciting, there is a much lower chance of getting injured or hurt.

In this analogy, a minimum volatility strategy would look more like the second trail — less risky and designed to be more stable. A minimum volatility portfolio can help investors navigate the risks of big fluctuations in the market. Just as hikers can still reach the summit of the mountain on a less challenging trail, investors can still pursue their investment goals while seeking to avoid stomach churning volatility.

HOW DO WE DEFINE MINIMUM VOLATILITY INVESTING?

BlackRock specifically looks at individual stock volatility and correlations when evaluating a minimum volatility portfolio.2

BlackRock’s approach to minimum volatility investing

Caption:

  

StatisticObjective
Stock VolatilityIdentify how volatile an individual stock has been based on standard deviation³
CorrelationsUnderstand how stocks move relative to each other based on several factors⁴

Source: BlackRock, MSCI

Minimum Volatility Capture Ratios

Minimum volatility investing looks to build a portfolio with less risk than the broad market– not just a collection of less risky stocks. Rather than just buy the least volatile stocks in the market, minimum volatility also considers how the underlying stocks move relative to each other. Unlike the other factors we believe in at BlackRock, the primary goal of minimum volatility is to reduce overall risk in portfolios. Minimum volatility ETFs can be viewed as tools that investors can use in a long-term strategic asset allocation as a way to help lower the overall risk and stay invested. Historically, minimum volatility indexes have exhibited less volatility than their broad market counterparts.

Min vol strategies have mitigated losses

Illustration of how minimum volatility strategies have mitigated losses

The figures shown relate to simulated past performance. Simulated past performance is not a reliable indicator of current or future results. Source: BlackRock, MSCI, S&P, as of 31/05/2023. Figures shown for 31/12/1999 – 31/05/2023. Index performance returns do not reflect any management fees, transaction costs or expenses. Indices are unmanaged and one cannot invest directly in an index. The value of an investment can fall as well as rise and investors may not get back the original amount invested. There is a risk that the entire amount invested may be lost. Past performance is not a reliable indicator of current or future results. BlackRock makes no representations or warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of any past, estimated or simulated performance results contained herein, and further nothing contained herein shall be relied upon as a promise by, or representation by BlackRock whether as to past or future performance results.


The beauty of minimum volatility strategies is their ability to significantly reduce risk in portfolios while allowing investors to maintain dedicated equity exposure. This means investors can continue participating in equity rallies, unlike other asset classes that investors may pivot to in periods of market turbulence, such as fixed income or cash.

As a bonus, from a performance perspective, research has found that more volatile stocks have historically had lower realised returns than less volatile stocks.5 As Andrew Ang noted in his seminal paper, “The Cross-Section of Volatility and Expected Returns,” stocks with higher idiosyncratic volatility have “abysmally low average returns.” By design, more volatile stocks are more likely to be excluded in minimum volatility portfolios.

MINIMUM VOLATILITY PORTFOLIO CONSTRUCTION

One question investors sometimes ponder — do minimum volatility funds essentially just buy a bunch of consumer staples and utility companies? Am I better off just buying a sector fund that invests in only consumer staples stocks?

The MSCI Minimum Volatility Indexes, which the ASX listed iShares Minimum Volatility ETF (WVOL) seek to track, explicitly apply sector gates at +/- 5% relative to the sector weights in the underlying parent indexes at each rebalance.6 This constraint was purposely applied to help prevent unintended overweight to “safe haven” sectors. This sector-controlled approach makes minimum volatility attractive as a core position in a portfolio.

Sector Weights (%)

Bar chart that compares sector weights between the MSCI World Minimum Volatility Index and MSCI World Index

Bar chart that compares the sector weights between the MSCI World Minimum Volatility Index and MSCI World Index. Source: BlackRock and MSCI as of as of 12/31/2022.


Indexes are unmanaged and one cannot invest directly in an index. Past performance does not guarantee future results.

As highlighted in the chart above, minimum volatility tends to naturally overweight the utilities and consumer staples sectors; however, the sector caps play an important role in helping min vol seek to capture more upside on a relative basis, if equity markets rally.

Factors, such as minimum volatility, have historically provided enhanced returns and/or reduced risk. Sectors are a source of unrewarded, active risk in portfolios. We prefer investing in minimum volatility, rather than unintended sector bets.

WHAT DOES MIN VOL DO FOR YOU?

Min vol has persistently lowered risk in portfolios when compared to the broad market. Investors can use minimum volatility strategies to provide ballast in their portfolios and allow them to stay invested during periods of market turmoil.

Historically, academic research has also found that less volatile stocks have outperformed their more volatile peers over time.7 Several theories have been posed to explain the historical outperformance. For example, many institutional investors have high return targets that they seek to reach. Some of these investors are structurally prohibited from using leverage in their portfolios. In order to reach their high return targets, they end up overweighting more volatile companies, hoping to capture more of the equity premium. This may have led to a persistent, systematic underweight to less volatile companies.

Another explanation could be that some investors seek stocks with the potential for a high pay-out. Sometimes referred to as the “lottery effect,” there may be groups of investors that are willing to overpay for these companies that have a small probability of generating high returns. Typically, these companies are riskier, more volatile securities. The preference for the potential of a large return, may have also led to a persistent underappreciation of less volatile stocks.

CONCLUSION

Asset allocation and staying fully invested in equity markets are often two key drivers of portfolio performance. But time and time again, we see many cases where even the most disciplined investors can abandon their plan when volatility rises, and markets sell off. We believe minimum volatility funds, such as the iShares Edge MSCI World Minimum Volatility ETF (WVOL) may help investors stick with their long-term plans and reach their financial goals.