Weekly market commentary
Zeroing in on secular forces, not cycles
Market take
Weekly video_20241111
Vivek Paul
Opening frame: What’s driving markets? Market take
Camera frame
We are in a world where multiple, starkly different outcomes are possible. The decisive U.S. election outcome has stoked uncertainty about future U.S. policy.
At our 2025 Outlook Forum last week, BlackRock investment leaders met to discuss how to invest given large structural shifts happening now.
Title slide: Zeroing in on secular forces, not cycles
1: Tracking the transformation
We have seen unusually sharp swings in 10-year U.S. Treasury yields with key macro releases. We think that reflects investors viewing incoming data through the lens of a typical business cycle when actually structural changes are at play.
The goal of the Forum was to track the transformation being driven by these structural changes. We evolved our macro scenarios to better understand and position for the likely market impact.
2: U.S. strength and geopolitics in focus
Our portfolio managers are broadly positive on U.S. stocks even if valuations look steep by some measures. The contrast with lagging European economic growth and stock performance remains stark.
Geopolitical fragmentation was consistently discussed given wars in the Middle East and Ukraine and tense China relations.
3: Gauging AI’s potential
AI and its energy and investment needs were still in focus following our June Forum. We generally agreed that the AI buildout can broaden to include other beneficiaries.
Quantifying AI’s longer-term economic impact remains a challenge, but we think it has the potential to reshape economies and boost economic growth.
Outro: Here’s our Market take
Our Forum discussion sought to clarify how structural shifts are driving the investment opportunities we see while assessing what’s in the price.
We think having a solid framework is key for anchoring views in this unusual environment.
Closing frame: Read details: blackrock.com/weekly-commentary
General disclosure:This material is intended for information purposes only, and does not constitute investment advice, a recommendation or an offer or solicitation to purchase or sell any securities to any person in any jurisdiction in which an offer, solicitation, purchase or sale would be unlawful under the securities laws of such jurisdiction. This material may contain estimates and forward-looking statements, which may include forecasts and do not represent a guarantee of future performance. This information is not intended to be complete or exhaustive and no representations or warranties, either express or implied, are made regarding the accuracy or completeness of the information contained herein. The opinions expressed are as of November 2024 and are subject to change without notice. Reliance upon information in this material is at the sole discretion of the reader. Investing involves risks.
In the U.S. and Canada, this material is intended for public distribution. In the European Economic Area (EEA):this is Issued by BlackRock (Netherlands) B.V. is authorised and regulated by the Netherlands Authority for the Financial Markets. Registered office Amstelplein 1, 1096 HA, Amsterdam, Tel: 020 – 549 5200, Tel: 31-20-549-5200. Trade Register No. 17068311 For your protection telephone calls are usually recorded. In the UK and Non-European Economic Area (EEA) countries: this is Issued by BlackRock Investment Management (UK) Limited, authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Registered office: 12 Throgmorton Avenue, London, EC2N 2DL. Tel: + 44 (0)20 7743 3000. Registered in England and Wales No. 02020394. For your protection telephone calls are usually recorded. Please refer to the Financial Conduct Authority website for a list of authorised activities conducted by BlackRock. In Italy, for information on investor rights and how to raise complaints please go to https://www.blackrock.com/corporate/compliance/investor-right available in Italian. In Switzerland, for qualified investors in Switzerland: This document is marketing material. Until 31 December 2021, this document shall be exclusively made available to, and directed at, qualified investors as defined in the Swiss Collective Investment Schemes Act of 23 June 2006 (“CISA”), as amended. From 1 January 2022, this document shall be exclusively made available to, and directed at, qualified investors as defined in Article 10 (3) of the CISA of 23 June 2006, as amended, at the exclusion of qualified investors with an opting-out pursuant to Art. 5 (1) of the Swiss Federal Act on Financial Services (FinSA). For information on art. 8 / 9 Financial Services Act (FinSA) and on your client segmentation under art. 4 FinSA, please see the following website: www.blackrock.com/finsa. For investors in Israel: BlackRock Investment Management (UK) Limited is not licensed under Israel’s Regulation of Investment Advice, Investment Marketing and Portfolio Management Law, 5755-1995 (the “Advice Law”), nor does it carry insurance thereunder. In South Africa, please be advised that BlackRock Investment Management (UK) Limited is an authorized financial services provider with the South African Financial Services Board, FSP No. 43288. In the DIFC this material can be distributed in and from the Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC) by BlackRock Advisors (UK) Limited — Dubai Branch which is regulated by the Dubai Financial Services Authority (DFSA). This material is only directed at 'Professional Clients’ and no other person should rely upon the information contained within it.Blackrock Advisors (UK) Limited - Dubai Branch is a DIFC Foreign Recognised Company registered with the DIFC Registrar of Companies (DIFC Registered Number 546), with its office at Unit 06/07, Level 1, Al Fattan Currency House, DIFC, PO Box 506661, Dubai, UAE, and is regulated by the DFSA to engage in the regulated activities of ‘Advising on Financial Products’ and ‘Arranging Deals in Investments’ in or from the DIFC, both of which are limited to units in a collective investment fund (DFSA Reference Number F000738). In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, issued in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) by BlackRock Saudi Arabia (BSA), authorised and regulated by the Capital Market Authority (CMA), License No. 18-192-30. Registered under the laws of KSA. Registered office: 7976 Salim Ibn Abi Bakr Shaikan St, 2223 West Umm Al Hamam District Riyadh, 12329 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Tel: +966 11 838 3600. CR No, 1010479419. The information contained within is intended strictly for Sophisticated Investors as defined in the CMA Implementing Regulations. Neither the CMA or any other authority or regulator located in KSA has approved this information. In the United Arab Emirates this material is only intended for -natural Qualified Investor as defined by the Securities and Commodities Authority (SCA) Chairman Decision No. 3/R.M. of 2017 concerning Promoting and Introducing Regulations. Neither the DFSA or any other authority or regulator located in the GCC or MENA region has approved this information. In the State of Kuwait, those who meet the description of a Professional Client as defined under the Kuwait Capital Markets Law and its Executive Bylaws. In the Sultanate of Oman, to sophisticated institutions who have experience in investing in local and international securities, are financially solvent and have knowledge of the risks associated with investing in securities. In Qatar, for distribution with pre-selected institutional investors or high net worth investors. In the Kingdom of Bahrain, to Central Bank of Bahrain (CBB) Category 1 or Category 2 licensed investment firms, CBB licensed banks or those who would meet the description of an Expert Investor or Accredited Investors as defined in the CBB Rulebook. The information contained in this document, does not constitute and should not be construed as an offer of, invitation, inducement or proposal to make an offer for, recommendation to apply for or an opinion or guidance on a financial product, service and/or strategy. In Singapore, this is issued by BlackRock (Singapore) Limited (Co. registration no. 200010143N). This advertisement or publication has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore. In Hong Kong, this material is issued by BlackRock Asset Management North Asia Limited and has not been reviewed by the Securities and Futures Commission of Hong Kong. In South Korea, this material is for distribution to the Qualified Professional Investors (as defined in the Financial Investment Services and Capital Market Act and its sub-regulations). In Taiwan, independently operated by BlackRock Investment Management (Taiwan) Limited. Address: 28F., No. 100, Songren Rd., Xinyi Dist., Taipei City 110, Taiwan. Tel: (02)23261600. In Japan, this is issued by BlackRock Japan. Co., Ltd. (Financial Instruments Business Operator: The Kanto Regional Financial Bureau. License No375, Association Memberships: Japan Investment Advisers Association, The Investment Trusts Association, Japan, Japan Securities Dealers Association, Type II Financial Instruments Firms Association) for Institutional Investors only. All strategies or products BLK Japan offer through the discretionary investment contracts or through investment trust funds do not guarantee the principal amount invested. The risks and costs of each strategy or product we offer cannot be indicated here because the financial instruments in which they are invested vary each strategy or product. In Australia, issued by BlackRock Investment Management (Australia) Limited ABN 13 006 165 975 AFSL 230 523 (BIMAL). The material provides general information only and does not take into account your individual objectives, financial situation, needs or circumstances. In New Zealand, issued by BlackRock Investment Management (Australia) Limited ABN 13 006 165 975, AFSL 230 523 (BIMAL) for the exclusive use of the recipient, who warrants by receipt of this material that they are a wholesale client as defined under the New Zealand Financial Advisers Act 2008. Refer to BIMAL’s Financial Services Guide on its website for more information. BIMAL is not licensed by a New Zealand regulator to provide ‘Financial Advice Service’ ‘Investment manager under an FMC offer’ or ‘Keeping, investing, administering, or managing money, securities, or investment portfolios on behalf of other persons’. BIMAL’s registration on the New Zealand register of financial service providers does not mean that BIMAL is subject to active regulation or oversight by a New Zealand regulator. In China, this material may not be distributed to individuals resident in the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”, for such purposes, excluding Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan) or entities registered in the PRC unless such parties have received all the required PRC government approvals to participate in any investment or receive any investment advisory or investment management services. For Other APAC Countries, this material is issued for Institutional Investors only (or professional/sophisticated /qualified investors, as such term may apply in local jurisdictions). In Latin America, no securities regulator within Latin America has confirmed the accuracy of any information contained herein. The provision of investment management and investment advisory services is a regulated activity in Mexico thus is subject to strict rules. For more information on the Investment Advisory Services offered by BlackRock Mexico please refer to the Investment Services Guide available at www.blackrock.com/mx
©2024 BlackRock, Inc. All Rights Reserved. BLACKROCK is a trademark of BlackRock, Inc., or its subsidiaries in the United States and elsewhere. All other trademarks are those of their respective owners.
Market-moving events can highlight structural shifts underway. Our investment leaders grapple with the implications of a world shaped by supply.
U.S. stocks soared last week, marking their largest weekly gain of the year. Small caps and banks led the way following President-elect Donald Trump’s victory.
This week, U.S. CPI will help gauge if inflation is still falling toward the Fed’s 2% target. Recent PCE data indicates inflation will settle higher in the medium term.
We are in a world where multiple, starkly different outcomes are possible. The decisive U.S. election outcome has stoked uncertainty about future U.S. policy. At our 2025 Outlook Forum last week, BlackRock investment leaders met to discuss how to invest given large structural shifts happening now – and we updated the range of scenarios we considered feasible six months ago, reflecting our discussions on U.S. exceptionalism, geopolitics and artificial intelligence (AI).
Sensitive to surprises
Sensitivity of U.S. 10-year yield to economic surprises, 2003-2024
Past performance is no guarantee of future results. Source: BlackRock Investment Institute, with data from LSEG Datastream, October 2024. Notes: The line shows how sensitive the U.S. 10-year Treasury yield is to economic surprises, using regression analysis to estimate the relationship between U.S. 10-year Treasury yields and the Citi Economics Surprise Index over a rolling six-month window. This is only an estimate of the relationship between the 10-year Treasury yield and economic surprises.
Our Outlook Forum took place against the backdrop of a momentous U.S. election. Markets welcomed the decisive result that took some near-term uncertainty off the table – even as medium-term policy uncertainty remains. Shifting narratives, from AI booms to recession fears, have driven volatility this year. Markets can overreact to these shifts. We have seen unusually sharp swings in 10-year U.S. Treasury yields with key macro releases. See the chart. We think that reflects investors viewing new data and news through a business cycle lens when broader structural changes are at play. We have been nimble with our tactical view changes this year to lean against narrative-driven volatility. The goal of last week’s Forum: tracking the transformation driven by these structural changes. We evolved our macro scenarios to better understand and position for the transformation’s opportunities.
Structural forces at play
U.S. exceptionalism – strong economic and corporate earnings growth – was a topic of debate at the Forum. Our portfolio managers are broadly positive on U.S. equity markets. They noted this has more room to run, even if U.S. stock valuations look steep. The contrast with lagging European economic growth, and stock performance, remains stark. Forum participants also spied a disconnect in Fed policy. The Fed cut its policy rate another 25 basis points last week as it sees inflation moving closer to its 2% target. Yet financial conditions are loose after a historically sharp tightening cycle. This unusual backdrop reinforces our view that this is not a typical business cycle – but rather an environment where structural forces are at play.
The geopolitical fragmentation mega force – or structural shift impacting returns now and in the future – ran through most discussions. The incoming U.S. president takes office at a time of greater global fragility given wars in the Middle East and Ukraine, and ongoing tensions with China. A punishing year for incumbents around the globe is pressuring G7 partners. Germany is headed for a new election. This follows France's divided election outcome earlier this year. The reform proposals laid out by Mario Draghi detail the challenges Europe faces. China rolled out some details of its fiscal stimulus highlighting its weak growth near term – and also faces long-term challenges from an aging population. AI will increasingly take center stage in geopolitics, featuring heavily in U.S.-China strategic tech competition. Under the Biden administration, the U.S. has elevated AI to the core of its military and technological priorities.
The debate on the impact of the AI mega force keeps evolving. Much of the discussion at our last Forum in June centered on AI and its energy and investment needs. That was still a focus – and we generally agreed that the AI buildout can broaden to include other beneficiaries. Quantifying AI’s longer-term economic impact remains challenging, but we think AI has the potential to eventually reshape economies and boost economic growth.
Our bottom line
Our Forum discussion sought to clarify how structural shifts are driving the investment opportunities we see while assessing what’s in the price. We think having a solid framework is key for anchoring views in this unusual environment.
Market backdrop
U.S. stocks soared to new all-time highs last week, notching their largest weekly gain of the year. Small caps and banks led the way as possible beneficiaries of a second Trump term. U.S. 10-year Treasury yields finished around 4.30%, down slightly on the week after jumping to four-month highs. A telegraphed 25-basis point Fed rate cut failed to move markets. Pricing of future cuts has come closer to our view, yet we still see rates settling higher than markets do.
This week, we focus on U.S. CPI to see if inflation will keep falling toward the Fed’s 2% target. Short-term inflation has been decreasing, with immigration boosting the labor supply and cooling wage growth. However, recent services PCE data remains sticky, indicating that inflation may settle above 2% in the medium term. Long-term, structural supply constraints – like a shrinking workforce due to population aging – are expected to keep inflation pressures persistent.
Week ahead
Past performance is not a reliable indicator of current or future results. Indexes are unmanaged and do not account for fees. It is not possible to invest directly in an index. Sources: BlackRock Investment Institute, with data from LSEG Datastream as of Nov. 7, 2024. Notes: The two ends of the bars show the lowest and highest returns at any point year to date, and the dots represent current year-to-date returns. Emerging market (EM), high yield and global corporate investment grade (IG) returns are denominated in U.S. dollars, and the rest in local currencies. Indexes or prices used are: spot Brent crude, ICE U.S. Dollar Index (DXY), spot gold, MSCI Emerging Markets Index, MSCI Europe Index, LSEG Datastream 10-year benchmark government bond index (U.S., Germany and Italy), Bank of America Merrill Lynch Global High Yield Index, J.P. Morgan EMBI Index, Bank of America Merrill Lynch Global Broad Corporate Index and MSCI USA Index.
UK employment data
U.S. core CPI
UK GDP; Japan GDP
Read our past weekly commentaries here.
Subscribe to BlackRock's Weekly Commentary
Big calls
Our highest conviction views on tactical (6-12 month) and strategic (long-term) horizons, November 2024
Reasons | ||
---|---|---|
Tactical | ||
AI and U.S. equities | We see the AI buildout and adoption creating opportunities across sectors. We get selective, moving toward beneficiaries outside the tech sector. Broad-based earnings growth and a quality tilt make us overweight U.S. stocks overall. | |
Japanese equities | A brighter outlook for Japan’s economy and corporate reforms are driving improved earnings and shareholder returns. Yet the drag on earnings from a stronger yen and some mixed policy signals from the Bank of Japan are risks. | |
Income in fixed income | The income cushion bonds provide has increased across the board in a higher rate environment. We like quality income in short-term credit. We’re neutral long-term U.S. Treasuries. | |
Strategic | ||
Private credit | We think private credit is going to earn lending share as banks retreat – and at attractive returns relative to public credit risk. | |
Fixed income granularity | We prefer intermediate credit, which offers similar yields with less interest rate risk than long-dated credit. We also like short-term government bonds, and UK long-term bonds. | |
Equity granularity | We favor emerging over developed markets yet get selective in both. EMs at the cross current of mega forces – like India and Saudi Arabia – offer opportunities. In DM, we like Japan as the return of inflation and corporate reforms brighten our outlook. |
Note: Views are from a U.S. dollar perspective, November 2024. This material represents an assessment of the market environment at a specific time and is not intended to be a forecast of future events or a guarantee of future results. This information should not be relied upon by the reader as research or investment advice regarding any particular funds, strategy or security.
Tactical granular views
Six to 12-month tactical views on selected assets vs. broad global asset classes by level of conviction, November 2024
Our approach is to first determine asset allocations based on our macro outlook – and what’s in the price. The table below reflects this. It leaves aside the opportunity for alpha, or the potential to generate above-benchmark returns. The new regime is not conducive to static exposures to broad asset classes, in our view, but it is creating more space for alpha. For example, the alpha opportunity in highly efficient DM equities markets historically has been low. That’s no longer the case, we think, thanks to greater volatility, macro uncertainty and dispersion of returns. The new regime puts a premium on insights and skill, in our view.
Asset | Tactical view | Commentary | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Equities | ||||||
United States | We are overweight given our positive view on the AI theme. Valuations for AI beneficiaries are supported as tech companies keep beating high earnings expectations. We think upbeat sentiment can broaden out. Falling inflation is easing pressure on corporate profit margins. | |||||
Europe | We are underweight relative to the U.S., Japan and the UK – our preferred markets. Valuations are fair. A growth pickup and European Central Bank rate cuts support a modest earnings recovery. Yet political uncertainty could keep investors cautious. | |||||
U.K. | We are overweight. Political stability and a growth pickup could improve investor sentiment, lifting the UK's low valuation relative to other DM stock markets. | |||||
Japan | We are overweight. A brighter outlook for Japan’s economy and corporate reforms are driving improved earnings and shareholder returns. Yet the drag on earnings from a stronger yen and some mixed policy signals from the Bank of Japan are risks. | |||||
Emerging markets | We are neutral. The growth and earnings outlook is mixed. We see valuations for India and Taiwan looking high. | |||||
China | We are modestly overweight. China’s fiscal stimulus is not yet enough to address the drags on economic growth, but we think stocks are at attractive valuations to DM shares. We stand ready to pivot. We are cautious long term given China’s structural challenges. | |||||
Fixed income | ||||||
Short U.S. Treasuries | We are underweight. We don’t think the Fed will cut rates as sharply as markets expect. An aging workforce, persistent budget deficits and the impact of structural shifts like geopolitical fragmentation should keep inflation and policy rates higher over the medium term. | |||||
Long U.S. Treasuries | We are neutral. Markets are pricing in sharp Fed rate cuts and term premium is close to zero. We think yields will keep swinging in both directions on incoming data. We prefer intermediate maturities less vulnerable to investors demanding greater term premium. | |||||
Global inflation-linked bonds | We are neutral. We see higher medium-term inflation, but cooling inflation and growth may matter more near term. | |||||
Euro area government bonds | We are neutral. Market pricing reflects policy rates in line with our expectations and 10-year yields are off their highs. Political uncertainty remains a risk to fiscal sustainability. | |||||
UK Gilts | We are overweight. Gilt yields offer attractive income, and we think the Bank of England will cut rates more than the market is pricing given a soft economy. | |||||
Japan government bonds | We are underweight. Stock returns look more attractive to us. We see some of the least attractive returns in JGBs. | |||||
China government bonds | We are neutral. Bonds are supported by looser policy. Yet we find yields more attractive in short-term DM paper. | |||||
U.S. agency MBS | We are neutral. We see agency MBS as a high-quality exposure in a diversified bond allocation and prefer it to IG. | |||||
Short-term IG credit | We are overweight. Short-term bonds better compensate for interest rate risk. We prefer Europe over the U.S. | |||||
Long-term IG credit | We are underweight. Spreads are tight, so we prefer taking risk in equities from a whole portfolio perspective. We prefer Europe over the U.S. | |||||
Global high yield | We are neutral. Spreads are tight, but the total income makes it more attractive than IG. We prefer Europe. | |||||
Asia credit | We are neutral. We don’t find valuations compelling enough to turn more positive. | |||||
Emerging market - hard currency | We are neutral. The asset class has performed well due to its quality, attractive yields and EM central bank rate cuts. We think those rate cuts may soon be paused. | |||||
Emerging market - local currency | We are neutral. Yields have fallen closer to U.S. Treasury yields, and EM central banks look to be turning more cautious after cutting policy rates sharply. |
Past performance is not a reliable indicator of current or future results. It is not possible to invest directly in an index. The statements on alpha do not consider fees. Note: Views are from a U.S. dollar perspective. This material represents an assessment of the market environment at a specific time and is not intended to be a forecast or guarantee of future results. This information should not be relied upon as investment advice regarding any particular fund, strategy or security.
Euro-denominated tactical granular views
Six to 12-month tactical views on selected assets vs. broad global asset classes by level of conviction, November 2024
Asset | Tactical view | Commentary | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Equities | ||||
Europe ex UK | We are underweight relative to the U.S., Japan and the UK – our preferred markets. Valuations are fair. A growth pickup and European Central Bank rate cuts support a modest earnings recovery. Yet political uncertainty could keep investors cautious. | |||
Germany | We are neutral. Valuations and earnings momentum are supportive relative to peers, especially as global manufacturing activity bottoms out and ECB rate cuts ease financing conditions. | |||
France | We are underweight given modestly supportive valuations. The result of France’s parliamentary election could impact business conditions for French companies. Yet only a small portion of the revenues and operations of major French companies are tied to domestic activity. | |||
Italy | We are underweight. Valuations dynamics are supportive relative to peers, but recent growth and earnings outperformance seems largely due to significant fiscal stimulus in 2022-2023 that cannot be sustained over the next few years. | |||
Spain | We are neutral. Valuations and earnings momentum are supportive relative to other euro area stocks. The utilities sector looks set to benefit from an improving economic backdrop and advances in AI. | |||
Netherlands | We are underweight. The Dutch stock markets' tilt to technology and semiconductors, a key beneficiary of higher demand for AI, is offset by relatively less favorable valuations and a weaker earnings outlook than their European peers. | |||
Switzerland | We are underweight, in line with our broad European view. The earnings outlook has brightened, but valuations remain high versus other European markets. The index’s defensive tilt will likely be less supported as long as global risk appetite holds up, we think. | |||
UK | We are overweight. Political stability and a growth pickup could improve investor sentiment, lifting the UK's low valuation relative to other DM stock markets. | |||
Fixed income | ||||
Euro area government bonds | We are neutral. Market pricing reflects policy rates in line with our expectations, and 10-year yields are off their highs. Political uncertainty remains a risk to fiscal sustainability. | |||
German bunds | We are neutral. Market pricing reflects policy rates broadly in line with our expectations, and 10-year yields are off their highs. | |||
French OATs | We are neutral. The EU has already warned France for breaching fiscal rules and had its sovereign credit rating downgraded earlier this year. Elevated political uncertainty, persistent budget deficits and a slower pace of structural reforms remain challenges. | |||
Italian BTPs | We are neutral. The spread over German bunds looks tight given its budget deficits and debt profile, also prompting a warning from the EU. Other domestic factors remain supportive, with growth holding up relative to the rest of the euro area and Italian households showing solid demand to hold BTPs at higher yields. | |||
UK gilts | We are overweight. Gilt yields offer attractive income, and we think the Bank of England will cut rates more than the market is pricing given a soft economy. | |||
Swiss government bonds | We are neutral. The Swiss National Bank has been cutting policy rates this year amid reduced inflationary pressure. But it is unlikely to cut rates much further from here. | |||
European inflation-linked bonds | We are neutral. We see higher medium-term inflation, but cooling inflation may matter more near term. Short-term breakeven inflation rates fell further after recent inflation data, making euro area inflation-linked bonds less attractive. | |||
European investment grade credit | We are neutral European investment grade credit, with a preference for short- to medium-term paper for quality income. We maintain our regional preference for European investment grade over the U.S. given spreads are not as tight. | |||
European high yield | We are overweight. We find the income potential attractive. We still prefer European high yield given its more appealing valuations, higher quality and lower duration than in the U.S. Spreads compensate for risks of a potential pick-up in defaults, in our view. |
Past performance is not a reliable indicator of current or future results. It is not possible to invest directly in an index. Note: Views are from a euro perspective, November 2024. This material represents an assessment of the market environment at a specific time and is not intended to be a forecast or guarantee of future results. This information should not be relied upon as investment advice regarding any particular fund, strategy or security.