A. Summary
The Fund promotes environmental or social characteristics, but does not have as its objective sustainable investments. The Fund partially invests in Sustainable Investments. BlackRock defines Sustainable Investments as investments in issuers or securities that contribute to an environmental or social objective, do not significantly harm any of those objectives and where investee companies follow good governance practices. BlackRock refers to relevant sustainability frameworks to identify the alignment of the investment to environmental or social objectives. Sustainable Investments should also meet the do no significant harm (DNSH) requirements, as defined by applicable law and regulation. BlackRock has developed a set of criteria to assess whether an issuer or investment does significant harm. The Fund seeks to: (i) apply the BlackRock EMEA Baseline Screens; and (ii) limit the greenhouse gas emissions intensity of the portfolio.
The Fund is actively managed. In order to achieve its investment objective, the Fund will employ the following strategies: (i) holding long position in US large capitalisation equity securities (as determined by the Investment Manager); (ii) selling call options on a large
capitalisation US equity index, such as the S&P 500 Index; and (iii) buying futures on a large capitalisation US equity index, such as the S&P 500 Index. The binding elements of the investment strategy are as follows: (i) Maintain that the Fund holds at least 20% in Sustainable Investments. (ii) Maintain the Fund’s carbon emissions intensity score is lower than the Index. (iii) Application of the BlackRock EMEA Baseline Screens; (iv) Ensure that more than 90% of the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests (excluding money market funds) shall be ESG rated or have been analysed for ESG purposes. The Fund considers PAIs on sustainability factors through the application of the BlackRock EMEA Baseline Screens and its carbon reduction target.
A minimum of 80% of the Fund’s total assets will be invested in investments that are aligned with the environmental and/or social characteristics. In relation to these investments, a minimum of 20% of the Fund’s total assets will be invested in Sustainable Investments, and the remainder will be invested in investments aligned with other environmental and/or social characteristics.The Fund may invest up to 20% of its total assets in other investments. The Fund does not currently commit to investing more than 0% of its assets in sustainable investments with an environmental objective aligned with the EU Taxonomy.
The Fund does not currently commit to invest in fossil gas and/or nuclear energy related activities that comply with the EU Taxonomy.
BlackRock has developed a highly automated compliance process to help ensure that the Fund is managed in accordance with its stated investment guidelines and applicable regulatory requirements. This includes monitoring of the environmental or social characteristics of the Fund in accordance with the relevant methodology. BlackRock has developed a proprietary methodology for determining Sustainable Investments and the Fund uses a number of other methodologies to measure how the social or environmental characteristics promoted by the Fund are met.
BlackRock Portfolio Managers have access to research, data, tools, and analytics to integrate ESG insights into their investment process. ESG datasets are sourced from external third-party data providers, including but not limited to MSCI, Sustainalytics, Refinitiv, S&P and Clarity AI. BlackRock applies a comprehensive due diligence process to evaluate provider offerings with highly targeted methodology reviews and coverage assessments based on the sustainable investment strategy of the product. Data, including ESG data, received through our existing interfaces, and then processed through a series of quality control and completeness checks which seeks to ensure that data is high-quality data before being made available for use downstream within BlackRock systems and applications, such as Aladdin. BlackRock strives to capture as much reported data from companies via 3rd party data providers as practicable, however, industry standards around disclosure frameworks are still evolving, particularly with respect to forward looking indicators. As a result, in certain cases we rely on estimated or proxy measures from data providers to cover our broad investible universe of issuers.
BlackRock continues to monitor developments in the EU's ongoing implementation of its framework for sustainable investing and its investment methodologies seeking to ensure alignment as the regulatory environment changes. ESG data sets are constantly changing and improving as disclosure standards, regulatory frameworks and industry practice evolve. BlackRock continues to work with a broad range of market participants to improve data quality. Sustainable investing and understanding of sustainability is evolving along with the data environment. Industry participants face challenges in identifying a single metric or set of standardized metrics to provide a complete view on a company or an investment. BlackRock has therefore established a framework to identify sustainable investments.
BlackRock applies a high standard of due diligence in the selection and ongoing monitoring of investments made by the Fund for the purpose of compliance with the investment, liquidity and risk guidelines of the Fund, as well as the sustainability risk and ESG criteria and general performance.
Engagement with companies in which we invest our clients’ assets occurs at multiple levels within BlackRock. Where investment teams chooses to leverage engagement, this can take a variety of forms but, in essence, the portfolio management team would seek to have regular and continuing dialogue with executives or board directors of engaged investee companies to advance sound governance and sustainable business practices targeted at the identified ESG characteristics and principal adverse indicators, as well as to understand the effectiveness of the company’s management and oversight of activities designed to address the identified ESG issues. Engagement also allows the portfolio management team to provide feedback on company practices and disclosures.
There is no specific index designated as a reference benchmark to determine whether this Fund is aligned with the environmental and/or social characteristics that it promotes.
B. No sustainable investment objective
This Fund promotes environmental or social characteristics, but does not have as its objective sustainable investment. While the Fund does not have as its objective a sustainable investment, it will have a minimum proportion of sustainable investments.
Sustainable Investments meet the DNSH requirements, as defined by applicable law and regulation. BlackRock has developed a set of criteria across all Sustainable Investments to assess whether an issuer or investment does significant harm. Investments considered to be causing significant harm do not qualify as Sustainable Investments. Further information on the above can be found by copying and pasting the following link into your web browser: https://www.blackrock.com/corporate/literature/publication/blackrock-sfdrsustainable-
investments-methodology.pdf
The indicators for adverse impacts on sustainability factors for each type of investment are assessed using BlackRock’s Sustainable Investments proprietary methodology. BlackRock uses third-party data and/or fundamental analysis to identify investments which negatively impact sustainability factors and cause significant harm.
Sustainable Investments are assessed to consider any detrimental impacts and ensure compliance with international standards of the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, including the principles and rights set out in the eight fundamental conventions identified in the Declaration of the International Labour Organisation on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work and the International Bill of Human Rights. Issuers deemed to have violated these conventions are not considered as Sustainable Investments.
C. Environmental or social characteristics of the financial product
The Fund aims to promote environmental characteristics related to the reduction of carbon emissions by seeking to have a lower greenhouse gas emission intensity (for Scope 1 and 2) within its portfolio relative to the Index (as defined below). Greenhouse gas emissions are categorised into three groups or “scopes” by the most widely-used international accounting tool, the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Protocol. Scope 1 covers direct emissions from owned or controlled sources. Scope 2 covers indirect emissions from the generation of purchased electricity, steam, heating and cooling consumed by the reporting issuer. Scope 3 includes all other indirect emissions that occur in an issuer’s value chain but Scope 3 is not covered in the reduction. The estimated greenhouse gas (Scope 1 and Scope 2) emissions per $1 million of sales revenue across the Fund’s holdings are used to measure this aim. Additionally, the Fund aims to promote environmental characteristics related to reduction of environmental pollution by excluding direct investment in companies that are involved in thermal coal and tar and sands extraction, as well as thermal coal-based power generation, through application of the BlackRock EMEA Baseline Screens.
The Fund aims to promote social characteristics related to: (a) reduction of the availability of weapons by excluding direct investment in issuers involved in the production of controversial weapons and nuclear weapons, and production and distribution of civilian firearms, (b) better health and wellbeing by excluding direct investment in issuers involved in production and distribution of tobacco; and (c) support for human rights, labour standards, the environment and anti-corruption by excluding direct investment in issuers deemed to have failed to comply with the 10 UN Global Compact Principles, through application of the BlackRock EMEA Baseline Screens.
The definition of “involved” in relation to each activity may be based on generating or deriving a revenue from the activity that exceeds a percentage of revenue or a defined total revenue threshold, or any exposure to the activity regardless of the amount of revenue received. Further detail on the exclusions applied to promote environmental and/or social characteristics is included in the response to the Section D - Investment strategy.
The Fund invests at least 20% of its holdings in Sustainable Investments, as determined by the Investment Manager, which contribute to the objectives outlined below and which are aligned with the environmental and/or social characteristics being promoted by the Fund.
The Fund does not use a reference benchmark for the purposes of attaining the ESG characteristics that it promotes, however, S&P 500 Index (the “Index”) is used to compare certain ESG characteristics promoted by the Fund.
D. Investment strategy
The Fund is actively managed. In order to achieve its investment objective, the Fund will employ the following strategies: (i) holding long position in US large capitalisation equity securities (as determined by the Investment Manager); (ii) selling call options on a large capitalisation US equity index, such as the S&P 500 Index; and (iii) buying futures on a large capitalisation US equity index, such as the S&P 500 Index. In normal market conditions, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its total assets in the equity and equity-related instruments (namely, call options, futures and swaps) of large capitalisation companies domiciled in, listed in, or the main business of which is in, the United States of America.
To generate income, the Fund will sell (write) call options on a large cap US equity index, such as the S&P 500 Index. An options contract is an agreement between a buyer and seller that gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy (in the case of a call an agreed upon price (commonly known as the “strike price”). When the Fund writes (sells) a call option, the Fund is entitled to receive a premium. Although not perfectly correlated, such call options may have the impact of capping potential gains from the Fund’s long position in equity securities. Therefore, to reduce the potential impact of this cap on the potential gains (with actual results dependent on various factors including the degree of options and futures activity over time), the Fund will buy futures on a large cap US equity index, such as the S&P 500 Index. A futures contract is a legal agreement to buy or sell a particular commodity asset, or security at a predetermined price at a specified time in the future. In addition, the Fund’s assets will be invested in accordance with the ESG Policy.
The Fund uses quantitative (i.e. mathematical or statistical) forecast models which are proprietary to the Investment Manager in order to achieve a systematic (i.e. rule based) approach to stock selection. These forecast models are designed to prioritise insights that demonstrate downside protection as well as identify aspects of mispricing across stocks which the Fund can seek to capture by over- and under-weighting particular equity securities versus the S&P 500 Index while seeking to control incremental risk. The Investment Manager then constructs and rebalances the portfolio by integrating its investment insights with the model-based optimisation process. These quantitative models, combined with an automated portfolio construction tool which is proprietary to the Investment Manager, inform which stocks will comprise the Fund’s portfolio, removing any that conflict with the Fund’s ESG Policy and replacing them with stocks from within the same universe with a similar expected return. The Investment Manager reviews the positions generated by the portfolio construction tool before they are traded to consider the impact of any subsequent public information in relation to the positions such as merger and acquisition announcements, significant litigation or changes in senior management personnel.
The Fund may also invest up to 10% of its total assets in fixed income securities (which shall be investment grade), corporate or government issued, and fixed or floating rate) and up to 20% of its total assets in cash and deposits (excluding any cash held for the purposes of supporting positions in FDI) (“Cash Holdings”) and ancillary liquid assets (which will normally have dividend/income receivables) subject to the limits set out in Schedule III of the Prospectus. The Fund may, to preserve the value of such Cash Holdings, invest in one or more daily dealing money market collective investment schemes as set out under the heading “Management of Cash Holdings and FDI Cash Holdings”. In order to assist in achieving its investment objective, the Fund may, subject to the provisions of the Regulations and the conditions imposed by the Central Bank, invest up to 10% of its total assets in aggregate in other open-ended collective investment undertakings, including exchange traded funds.
In addition to the use of call options and futures, the Fund may invest in FDI for direct investment purposes or for efficient portfolio management purposes, namely total return swaps, futures and options on futures and forward currency exchange contracts in accordance with the limitations set down in Schedule II of the Prospectus (subject to the conditions and within the limits laid down by the Central Bank) to assist in achieving its investment objective, to gain exposure to the equities and for currency hedging purposes. The reference assets underlying the total return swaps, if any, shall be any security, basket of securities or eligible indices which are consistent with the investment policy of the Fund which are expected to include, without limitation, equity indices giving access to equity securities of US companies. Details of equity indices utilised by the Fund will be provided in the annual report of the Company.
The maximum proportion of the Net Asset Value of the Fund that can be subject to total return swaps is 15%. The expected proportion of the Net Asset Value of the Fund that will be subject to total return swaps is 5%. The expected proportion is not a limit and the actual percentage may vary over time depending on factors including, but not limited to, market conditions. In the event that the Fund invests in non-fully funded FDI, the Fund may invest (i) cash representing up to the notional amount of such FDI less margin payments (if any) in such FDI, and (ii) any variation margin cash collateral received in respect of such FDI (together “FDI Cash Holdings”) in one or more daily dealing money market collective investment schemes as set out under the heading “Management of Cash Holdings and FDI Cash Holdings”. The Fund will not invest in fully funded FDI, including fully funded swaps.
The Fund may also employ techniques and instruments relating to transferable securities for efficient portfolio management purposes in accordance with the terms set out in the section headed “Efficient PortfolioManagement” and in the Prospectus. The Fund’s Investments will be limited to investments permitted by the Regulations which are described in more detail in Schedule III of the Prospectus. The Fund’s Investments, other than its Investments in OTC FDI, fixed income securities traded OTC and unlisted open-ended collective investment undertakings, will normally be listed or traded on Regulated Markets set out in Schedule I of the Prospectus. Potential investors in the Fund may obtain a breakdown of the constituents of the Fund from the official iShares website (www.iShares.com) or from the Investment Manager.
Should any Fund holdings, compliant at the time of investment with the Fund’s investment objective and policy and/or ESG Policy, subsequently become ineligible, they may continue to be held until it is possible and practicable (in the Investment Manager’s view) to be divested by the relevant Fund (within a reasonable period of time). The Investment Manager will apply the BlackRock EMEA Baseline Screens.
The Fund will invest in accordance with the BlackRock EMEA Baseline Screens. BlackRock evaluates underlying investments in companies according to the good governance criteria outlined in the SFDR where relevant data is available and as appropriate given the underlying investment type. These criteria relate to sound management structures, employee relations, remuneration of staff and tax compliance. BlackRock may consider additional factors relating to good governance in its assessment of the sustainability related characteristics of underlying issuers depending on the particular ESG strategy applicable to the Fund. The Fund will invest in Sustainable Investments.
In addition, the Fund will seek to have a lower carbon emissions intensity score relative to the S&P 500 Index. At least 90% of the issuers of securities the Fund invests in are ESG rated or have been analysed for ESG purposes. To undertake this analysis, the Investment Manager may use data provided by external ESG data providers, proprietary models and local intelligence and may undertake site visits.
The binding elements of the investment strategy are as follows:
• Maintain that the Fund holds at least 20% in Sustainable Investments.
• Maintain the Fund’s carbon emissions intensity score is lower than the Index.
• Application of the BlackRock EMEA Baseline Screens.
• Ensure that more than 90% of the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests (excluding money market funds) shall be ESG rated or have been analysed for ESG purposes.
Consideration of principal adverse impacts on sustainability factors
The Fund considers PAIs on sustainability factors through the application of the BlackRock EMEA Baseline Screens and its carbon reduction target.
The Fund takes into account the following PAIs:
• GHG emissions
• GHG intensity of investee companies
• Exposure to companies active in the fossil fuel sector
• Violations of UN Global Compact principles and Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises
• Exposure to controversial weapons (anti personnel mines, cluster munitions, chemical weapons and biological weapons)
In addition, this Fund takes into account the PAIs through BlackRock's DNSH standard for Sustainable Investments. This Fund will provide information on the PAIs in its annual report.
Good governance policy
BlackRock assesses good governance practices of the investee companies by combining proprietary insights and shareholder engagement by the Investment Manager, with data from external ESG research providers. BlackRock uses data from external ESG research providers to initially identify issuers which may not have satisfactory governance practices in relation to key performance indicators (KPIs) related to sound management structure, employee relations, remuneration of staff and tax compliance. BlackRock uses third-party data for this assessment, and in some cases or where the companies are not covered, supplements this
assessment with fundamental insights.
Where issuers are identified as potentially having issues with regards to good governance, the issuers are reviewed to ensure that, where the Investment Manager agrees with this external assessment, the Investment Manager is satisfied that the issuer has either taken remediation actions or will take remedial actions within a reasonable time frame based on the Investment Manager’s direct engagement with the issuer. The Investment Manager may also decide to reduce exposure to such issuers.
E. Proportion of Investments
A minimum of 80% of the Fund’s total assets will be invested in investments that are aligned with the environmental and/or social characteristics.
In relation to these investments, aminimum of 20% of the Fund’s total assets will be invested in Sustainable Investments, and the remainder will be invested in investments aligned with other environmental and/or social characteristics.
The Fund may invest up to 20% of its total assets in other investments.
Derivatives are not used to attain the environmental or social characteristics promoted by the Fund.
The Fund does not currently commit to invest more than 0% of its assets in Sustainable Investments with an environmental objective aligned with the EU Taxonomy.
The Fund does not currently commit to invest in fossil gas and/or nuclear energy related activities that comply with the EU Taxonomy.
This Fund does not currently commit to investing more than 0% of its assets in investments in transitional and enabling activities within the meaning of the EU Taxonomy.
A minimum of 20% of the Fund’s total assets will be invested in Sustainable Investments. As noted above, these Sustainable Investments will be a mix of Sustainable Investments with an environmental objective that is not aligned with the EU Taxonomy or a social objective or a combination of both, and the exact composition may fluctuate.
The Fund invests in Sustainable Investments that are not aligned with the EU Taxonomy for the following reasons: (i) it is part of the investment strategy of the Fund; (ii) data to determine EU Taxonomy-alignment may be unavailable; and / or (iii) underlying economic activities may not be eligible under the EU Taxonomy’s available technical screening criteria or may not comply with all requirements set out in such technical screening criteria.
Other holdings are limited to 20% and may include derivatives, cash and near cash instruments and shares or units of CIS and fixed income transferable securities (also known as debt securities) issued by governments and agencies worldwide.
These investments may be used for investment purposes in pursuit of the Fund’s (non ESG) investment objective, for the purposes of liquidity management and/or hedging.
No other holdings are considered against minimum environmental or social safeguards.
F. Monitoring of enviromental or social characteristics
BlackRock has developed a highly automated compliance process to help ensure that the Fund is managed in accordance with its stated investment guidelines and applicable regulatory requirements. This includes monitoring of the environmental or social characteristics of the Fund in accordance with the relevant methodology as described in ‘Section G – Methodologies’.
Portfolio Managers have the primary responsibility for complying with the contractual terms of the prospectus and other governing documents for the Fund and are supported by Aladdin, BlackRock’s portfolio and risk management software.
The Portfolio Compliance Group (“PCG”), a group within BlackRock’s Business Operations, is responsible for the coding of the Fund’s investment restrictions, that are capable of being coded, within BlackRock’s pre and post trade compliance monitoring system in Aladdin. Where an investment restriction cannot be coded, a manual process is established for guidelines testing.
Pre-Trade & Post Trade Monitoring
When a trade or order is created, the transaction is reviewed against the Fund’s investment guidelines by the front-end compliance system on a real time basis prior to execution. If a non-compliant condition is detected, the trade or order will be unable to progress further.
Compliance tests are also run on a post trade basis overnight based on the end-of-day positions and reported on a T+1 basis. Compliance exceptions and warnings are identified and escalated for investigation to relevant investment professionals, who will engage with relevant subject matter experts as appropriate to resolve. Identification and investigation of potential items is recorded on an electronic system that contains a comprehensive workflow which provides an audit trail. Appropriate corrective action will be taken as needed to resolve exceptions.
The monitoring of certain ESG characteristics may not be able to be automated due to system functionality or data limitations. Such ESG characteristics are subject to periodic review and monitoring, to ensure that the product adheres to the related commitments.
Breaches are reported as required under our regulatory obligations to the relevant management company, auditor, depositary and regulator.
Where BlackRock delegates part of the management of a Fund to a third-party manager, the third-party manager is responsible for ensuring compliance with the investment guidelines and investment restrictions as per the agreed Investment Management Agreement in place, including those pertaining to the environmental or social characteristics for the Fund. The investment restrictions pertaining to the environmental or social characteristics are generally communicated to the third-party manager which may updated by BlackRock from time to time in line with the environmental and social characteristics of the Fund. When the third-party manager runs a passive strategy, the third-party manager may also monitor whether the environmental or social characteristics are met by tracking a benchmark index embedding these characteristics in its methodology. BlackRock receives a daily feed of the positions held by the third-party manager and runs post-trade compliance checks in accordance with the back-end compliance process previously described. BlackRock also undertakes periodic due diligence on third party manager to ensure the monitoring frameworks in place remain appropriate.
G. Methodologies
BlackRock has adopted the following methodologies in respect of this Fund:
Sustainable Investments Methodology
BlackRock has developed a proprietary methodology for determining Sustainable Investments which is broken down into a four-part assessment:
(i) Economic activity contribution to environmental and/or social objectives;
(ii) Do no significant harm;
(iii) Meets minimum safeguards; and
(iv) Good governance (where relevant).
It is necessary for an investment to meet all four limbs of this test to be considered a Sustainable Investment. Sustainable Investments are subject to a robust oversight process to ensure that regulatory standards are met.
(i) Economic activity contribution to environmental and/or social objectives
Environmental and social objectives
The Fund invests in Sustainable Investments which contribute to a range of environmental and / or social objectives which may include but are not limited to alternative and renewable energy, energy efficiency, pollution prevention or mitigation, reuse and recycling, health, nutrition, sanitation and education and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (“Environmental and Social Objectives”).
Economic activity assessment
An investment will be a Sustainable Investment (subject to it satisfying the other three limbs):
Business activity
• Where more than 20% of its revenue attributable to products and/or services is systematically mapped as contributing to Environmental and/or Social Objectives using third-party vendor data. Fundamental analysis may also be used to assess a company where there is no third-party vendor data or where an analyst determines that the data is inaccurate or that there is a more appropriate materiality metric than revenue for identifying a company’s contribution such as capital expenditure or recycled inputs.
Business practices
• Where the issuer has set a de-carbonization target in accordance with the Science Based Targets initiatives as validated by third-party vendor data or by way of fundamental assessment.
• Demonstrable leadership attribute that evidences a company’s critical role as an enabler of sustainable practices.
Fixed income securities
• A use-of-proceeds bond will be a Sustainable Investment where the use of proceeds substantially contributes to an Environmental and/or Social Objective as determined by fundamental assessment
• Other fixed income securities will be a Sustainable Investment where the security is aligned with Environmental and/or Social Objectives as determined by fundamental assessment such as environmental and/or social asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities issued by supranational entities committed to the promotion of UN SDGs
(ii) Do no significant harm (DNSH)
Sustainable Investments meet the DNSH requirements, as defined by applicable law and regulation. BlackRock has developed a set of criteria across all Sustainable Investments to assess whether an investment does significant harm which consider both third party data points as well as fundamental insights. Investments are screened against these criteria using system-based controls and any which are considered to be causing significant harm do not qualify as Sustainable Investments. BlackRock assesses the indicators for adverse impacts on sustainability factors for each type of investment as defined by the regulation.
Criteria for adverse impacts are assessed using third-party vendor data regarding an investment’s business involvement (in specific activities identified as having negative environmental or social impacts) or environmental or social controversies to exclude investments which BlackRock has determined are harmful to sustainability indicators subject to limited exceptions, for example, where the data is determined to be inaccurate or not up to date.
Where no data is available, or it is substantially incomplete, fundamental analysis will be undertaken using reasonable efforts to identify impacts which BlackRock determines to be harmful to the sustainability indicators.
(iii) Meet minimum safeguards
Sustainable Investments are assessed using third party data provider information to consider compliance with international standards of the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, including the principles and rights set out in the eight fundamental conventions identified in the Declaration of the International Labour Organisation on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work and the International Bill of Human Rights. Issuers deemed to have violated these conventions are not considered as Sustainable Investments.
(iv) Good Governance
In respect of its good governance assessment BlackRock uses data from external third-party ESG research providers to initially identify issuers which may not have satisfactory governance practices in relation to key performance indicators (KPIs) related to the criteria outlined above. Where issuers are identified as potentially having issues with regards to good governance, the issuers are reviewed to ensure that, where the Investment Advisor/Manager agrees with this external assessment, the Investment Advisor/Manager is satisfied that the issuer has either taken remediation actions or will take remedial actions within a reasonable time frame based on the Investment Advisor’s/Manager’s direct engagement with the issuer. The Investment Advisor/Manager may also decide to reduce exposure to such issuers. Funds’ indirect exposures to issuers with good governance failings are limited to de minimis levels by internal controls and are also monitored on a periodic basis to ensure that this indirect exposure remains at de minimis levels
Other methodologies
In addition, the following methodologies are used to measure how the social or environmental characteristics promoted by the Fund are met:
1. The Fund applies the BlackRock EMEA Baseline Screens. Further details on the BlackRock EMEA Baseline Screens methodology are available at: https://www.blackrock.com/corporate/literature/publication/blackrock-baseline-screens-in-europe-middleeast-and-africa.pdf
2. The Fund measures the greenhouse gas emissions intensity of the portfolio. Further details on the methodology for calculating greenhouse gas emissions intensity are set out in 'Section C – Environmental or social characteristics' above.
The Fund via the environmental and/or social characteristics of its strategy has been assessed as considering a set of principal adverse impact indicators (PAIs) as defined within the SFDR Regulatory Technical standards. We have assessed whether and how these are fully or partially considered and outline how those characteristics map to those PAIs in our pre contractual and periodic reporting.
H. Data sources and processing
Data Sources
BlackRock Portfolio Managers have access to research, data, tools, and analytics to integrate ESG insights into their investment process. Aladdin is the operating system that connects the data, people, and technology necessary to manage portfolios in real time, as well as the engine behind BlackRock’s ESG analytics and reporting capabilities. BlackRock’s Portfolio Managers use Aladdin to make investment decisions, monitor portfolios and to access material ESG insights that can inform the investment process to attain ESG characteristics of the Fund.
ESG datasets are sourced from external third-party data providers, including but not limited to MSCI, Sustainalytics, Refinitiv, S&P and Clarity AI. These datasets may include headline ESG scores, carbon emissions data, business involvement metrics or controversies and have been incorporated into Aladdin tools that are available to Portfolio Managers and employed in BlackRock investment strategies. Such tools support the full investment process, from research, to portfolio construction and modelling, to reporting.
Measures taken to ensure Data Quality
BlackRock applies a comprehensive due diligence process to evaluate provider offerings with highly targeted methodology reviews and coverage assessments based on the sustainable investment strategy (and the environmental and social characteristics or sustainable objective) of the product. Our process entails both qualitative and quantitative analysis to assess the suitability of data products in line with regulatory standards as applicable.
We assess ESG providers and data across five core areas outlined below:
1. Data Collection: this includes but is not limited to assessing the data providers underlying data sources, technology used to capture data, process to identify misinformation and any use of machine learning or human data collection approaches. We will also consider planned improvements
2. Data Coverage: our assessment includes but is not limited to the extent to which a data package provides coverage across our investible universe of issuers and asset classes. This will include consideration of the treatment of parent companies and their subsidiaries as well as use of estimated data or reported data
3. Methodology: our assessment includes but is not limited to consideration of the third-party providers methodologies employed, including considering the collection and calculation approaches, alignment to industry or regulatory standards or frameworks, materiality thresholds and their approach to data gaps.,
4. Data Verification: our assessment will includes but is not limited to the third party providers’ approaches to verification of data collected and quality assurance processes including their engagement with issuers
5. Operations: we will assess a variety of aspects of a data vendors operations, including but not limited to their policies and procedures (including consideration of any conflicts of interest) the size and experience of their data research teams, their training programs, and their use of third-party outsourcers
Additionally, BlackRock, actively participates in relevant provider consultations regarding proposed changes to methodologies as they pertain to third party data sets or index methodologies and submits considered feedback and recommendations to data provider technical teams. BlackRock often has ongoing engagement with ESG data providers including index providers to keep abreast of industry developments.
How data is processed
At BlackRock, our internal processes are focused on delivering high-quality standardized and consistent data to be used by investment professionals and for transparency and reporting purposes. Data, including ESG data, received through our existing interfaces, and then processed through a series of quality control and completeness checks which seeks to ensure that data is of a high-quality before being made available for use downstream within BlackRock systems and applications, such as Aladdin. BlackRock’s integrated technology enables us to compile data about issuers and investments across a variety of environmental, social and governance metrics and a variety of data providers and make those available to investment teams and other support and control functions such as risk management.
Use of Estimated Data
BlackRock strives to capture as much reported data from companies via 3rd party data providers as practicable, however, industry standards around disclosure frameworks are still evolving, particularly with respect to forward looking indicators. As a result, in certain cases we rely on estimated or proxy measures from data providers to cover our broad investible universe of issuers. Due to current challenges in the data landscape, while BlackRock relies on material amount of estimated data across our investible universe, the levels of which may vary from data set to data set, we seek to ensure that use of estimates is in line with regulatory guidance and that we have necessary documentation and transparency from data providers on their methodologies. BlackRock recognizes the importance in improving its data quality and data coverage and continues to evolve the data sets available to its investment professionals and other teams. Where required by local country-level regulations, funds may state explicit data coverage levels.
I. Limitations to methodologies and data
Limitations to Methodology
Sustainable investing is an evolving space, both in terms of industry understanding but also the regulatory frameworks on both a regional and global basis. BlackRock continues to monitor developments in the EU's ongoing implementation of its framework for sustainable investing and is seeking to evolve its investment methodologies to ensure alignment as the regulatory environment changes. As a result, BlackRock may update these disclosures, and the methodologies and sources of data used, at any time in the future as market practice evolves or further regulatory guidance becomes available.
The UN Sustainable Development Goals and sub-targets are used by BlackRock as a list of environmental and/or social objectives. Any assessment will be undertaken strictly in accordance with the methodology set out in the Prospectus. Assumptions associated with the conventional use of the SDGs are not considered as part of the assessment including but not limited to applicable geographical limitations and those commitments that may be limited by time or scope, such as goals that may be applicable only to governments.
Limitations in relation to the data sources are noted below.
Limitations to Data
ESG data sets are constantly changing and improving as disclosure standards, regulatory frameworks and industry practice evolve. BlackRock continues to work with a broad range of market participants to improve data quality.
Whilst each ESG metric may come with its own individual limitations, data limitations may broadly be considered to include, but not be limited to:
• Lack of availability of certain ESG metrics due to differing reporting and disclosure standards impacting issuers, geographies or sectors
• Nascent statutory corporate reporting standards regarding sustainability leading to differences in the extent to which companies themselves can report against regulatory criteria and therefore some metric coverage levels may be low
• Inconsistent use and levels of reported vs estimated ESG data across different data providers, taken at varied time periods which makes comparability a challenge.
• Estimated data by its nature may vary from realized figures due to the assumptions or hypothesis employed by data providers.
• Differing views or assessments of issuers due to differing provider methodologies or use of subjective criteria
• Most corporate ESG reporting and disclosure takes place on an annual basis and takes significant time to produce meaning that this data is produced on a lag relative to financial data. There may also inconsistent data refresh frequencies across different data providers incorporating such data into their data sets.
• Coverage and applicability of data across asset classes and indicators may vary
• Forward looking data, such as climate related targets may vary significantly from historic and current point in time metrics.
For more information about how metrics that are presented with sustainability indicators are calculated, please see the Fund's annual report.
Sustainable Investments and Environmental and Social criteria
Sustainable investing and understanding of sustainability is evolving along with the data environment. Industry participants face challenges in identifying a single metric or set of standardized metrics to provide a complete view on a company or an investment. BlackRock has therefore established a framework to identify sustainable investments, taking into account the regulatory requirements.
BlackRock uses third-party vendor data in assessing whether investments cause significant harm and have good governance practices. There may be some circumstances where data is unavailable, incomplete, or inaccurate, in which case fundamental assessments may be undertaken, taking a proportionate approach and using reasonable efforts, to identify issues likely to have a significant impact. Despite reasonable efforts, information may not always be available in which case a subjective assessment will be made based on BlackRock's knowledge of the investment or industry. In certain cases data may reflect actions that issuers may have taken only after the fact, and do not reflect all potential instances of significant harm.
J. Due Diligence
BlackRock applies a high standard of due diligence in the selection and ongoing monitoring of investments made by the Fund for the purpose of compliance with the investment, liquidity and risk guidelines of the Fund, as well as the sustainability risk and ESG criteria and general performance. Portfolio Managers are subject to pre and post trade controls within the investment platform where the funds promote environmental or social characteristics, integrate sustainability into the investment process in a binding manner or have a sustainable investment objective. The Investment Oversight team conducts due diligence engagement with the portfolio managers and oversees internal restrictions that may expand upon requirements set out in the fund prospectus. The Portfolio Managers also comply with related EMEA policies, including Investment Due Diligence policies which have been updated to integrate sustainability risk. Legal and Compliance have implemented a framework to ensure that the relevant policies and procedures are adopted and complied with by all employees, including Portfolio Managers.
The Investment Adviser integrates sustainability risks into the investment due diligence process of the Fund. The portfolio managers of the Fund are primarily responsible for considering sustainability risks. They are subject to an oversight framework within the Investment Adviser and BlackRock's risk management function, RQA group also provides independent reviews of sustainability risks and the compliance team provides further oversight and monitors the ESG requirements relevant to each fund and the investment restrictions for each fund. RQA, serves as the second line of defence in BlackRock’s risk management framework. RQA is responsible for BlackRock’s Investment and Enterprise risk management framework which includes oversight of sustainability-related investment risks. RQA Investment Risk conducts regular reviews with portfolio managers to ensure investment teams are advised of relevant sustainability risks, complementing the first-line monitoring and oversight of sustainability considerations across our investment platform. RQA also has a dedicated Sustainability Risk Team that partners with risk managers and businesses to reinforce this constructive engagement. RQA collaborates with working groups throughout the Investments Platform and with Aladdin Sustainability Lab to advance the firm’s sustainability toolkit through consultation on firmwide data, modelling, methodologies, and analytics. In addition, BlackRock makes data relating to principal adverse impacts available to all portfolio managers and BlackRock integrates consideration of the principle adverse impacts of investment decisions on sustainability factors in the investment due diligence process. For further information, please see ‘Section D – Investment strategy’ above.
K. Engagement Policies
The Fund
The Fund does not use engagement as a means of meeting its binding commitments to environmental or social characteristics or sustainable investment objectives. Engagement with companies that we invest in is an integral part of the investment process undertaken by the portfolio management team for funds pursuing equity strategies. Engagement forms part of the Due Diligence to assess how companies manage ESG risks and opportunities and how these impact companies financials. We use engagement to discuss concerns, understand opportunities and share constructive feedback, based on the view that material ESG issues are intractably tied to a business’s long term strategy and fundamental value. The amount and level of engagement we conduct on our funds varies depending on the fund commitments and objectives.
General
Engagement with companies in which we invest our clients’ assets occurs at multiple levels within BlackRock.
Where engagement is specifically identified by a particular portfolio management team as one of the means by which they seek to demonstrate a commitment to environment, social and governance issues within the context of SFDR, the methods by which the effectiveness of such engagement policy and the ways in which such an engagement policy may be adapted in the event that they do not achieve the desired impact (usually expressed as a reduction in specified principal adverse indicators) would be described in the prospectus and website disclosures particular to that fund.
Where investment teams chooses to leverage engagement, this can take a variety of forms but, in essence, the portfolio management team would seek to have regular and continuing dialogue with executives or board directors of engaged investee companies to advance sound governance and sustainable business practices targeted at the identified ESG characteristics and principal adverse indicators, as well as to understand the effectiveness of the company’s management and oversight of activities designed to address the identified ESG issues. Engagement also allows the portfolio management team to provide feedback on company practices and disclosures.
Where a relevant portfolio management team has concerns about a company’s approach to the identified ESG characteristics and/or principal adverse indicators, they may choose to explain their expectations to the company’s board or management and may signal through voting at general meetings that they have outstanding concerns, generally by voting against the re-election of directors they view as having responsibility for improvements in the identified ESG characteristics or principal adverse indicators.
Separate from the activities of any particular portfolio management team, at the highest level, as part of its fiduciary approach, BlackRock has determined that it is in the best long-term interest of its clients to promote sound corporate governance as an informed, engaged shareholder. At BlackRock, this is the responsibility of BlackRock Investment Stewardship. Principally through the work of BIS team, BlackRock meets the requirements in the Shareholder Rights Directive II (‘SRD II”) relating to engagement with public companies and other parties in the investment ecosystem. A copy of BlackRock’s SRD II engagement policy can be found at https://www.blackrock.com/corporate/literature/publication/blk-shareholder-rights-directiveii-engagement-policy-2022.pdf.
BlackRock’s approach to investment stewardship is outlined in the BIS Global Principles and market-level voting guidelines. The BIS Global Principles set out our stewardship philosophy and our views on corporate governance and sustainable business practices that support long-term value creation by companies. We recognize that accepted standards and norms of corporate governance differ between markets; however, we believe there are certain fundamental elements of governance practice that are intrinsic globally to a company’s ability to create long-term value. Our market-specific voting guidelines provide detail on how BIS implements the Global Principles – taking into consideration local market standards and norms – and inform our voting decisions in relation to specific ballot items for shareholder meetings. BlackRock’s overall approach to investment stewardship and engagement can be found at: https://www.blackrock.com/uk/professionals/solutions/shareholder-rights-directive and https://www.blackrock.com/corporate/about-us/investment-stewardship
In undertaking its engagement, BIS may focus on particular ESG themes, which are outlined in BlackRock’s voting priorities https://www.blackrock.com/corporate/literature/publication/blk-stewardship-priorities-final.pdf
L. Designated reference benchmark
There is no specific index designated as a reference benchmark to determine whether this financial product is aligned with the environmental and/or social characteristics that it promotes. However, please note that the S&P 500 Index is used to compare certain ESG characteristics promoted by the Fund.
